EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
Mongolia's distinct geographic and climatic features, including forest steppe, steppe, desert and desert steppe, play a pivotal role in defining its environmental and climate dynamics. This landlocked nation, bordered by Russia and China, exhibits a range of landscapes from the Altai Mountains to the Gobi Desert and vast steppes, culminating in a unique continental climate characterized by sharp temperature fluctuations and sparse rainfall.
Mongolia’s climate is marked by its stark extremes. The country endures sweltering summers and frigid winters, with severe weather events like 'Dzuds' — harsh winters following dry summers — significantly impacting its pastoral farming community. Additionally, droughts and the advancing desertification, especially around the Gobi Desert, present growing environmental challenges.
The diverse Mongolian landscapes are home to unique flora and fauna, contributing to the nation’s rich biodiversity and cultural heritage. However, these ecosystems face threats from climate change. Traditional nomadic lifestyles, central to Mongolian culture, are being altered due to changing pasture conditions. Moreover, key economic sectors like mining and agriculture are grappling with sustainability challenges amid these climatic shifts.
Importance of the Study
This study delves into the impact of climate and atmospheric changes on children, focusing particularly on education and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH). It highlights the need for child-centric approaches and sustainable strategies to preserve ecosystems, ensure WASH security, maintain educational continuity, and safeguard health and safety.
Scope of Work and Objectives
Aiming to provide a comprehensive analysis of climate risks for children in Mongolia, the study assesses the current state of climate change, reviews national policy measures, examines environmental impacts on children, and proposes actionable recommendations for child-sensitive climate policies. It covers a survey report, a synthesis of key findings, and recommendations for policy adaptation, while also outlining strategies for engaging children and youth in climate-related actions.
Research Methodology
Employing a hybrid methodology that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches, the study examined diverse ecological regions across five Mongolian provinces. The research involved a participant pool of 3,879, primarily comprising students, supplemented by teachers, social workers, and parents. Through surveys, group discussions, and interviews, the study collected comprehensive insights into how climate change affects children’s lives, examining both direct and indirect impacts.
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